Caffeine and the Metabolism Connection to Heart Attacks
Individuals were studied between 1994 and 2004 and those with a gene variant that caused them to metabolize caffeine
slowly were at a third greater risk of having a heart attack when they drank two or three cups of beverage containing caffeine a day. Those odds
increased to 64%
Research results show that there is a connection between how your body metabolizes caffeine and your heart attack risk. The research
study shows that what is important is how quickly your body can metabolize the caffeine.
Individuals were studied between 1994 and 2004 and those with a gene variant that caused them to metabolize caffeine slowly were at a third
greater risk of having a heart attack when they drank two or three cups of beverage containing caffeine a day. Those odds increased to 64% if
they consumed four or more cups of caffeine containing beverages a day. These odds are compared to individuals who drank less than one cup of
caffeine containing beverage.
Individuals who have a gene variant that causes them to metabolize caffeine quickly can actually reduce their odds of a heart attack by
22%.
Previous studies that have tried to link caffeine consumption with heart attack risk have been inconclusive.
It is a known fact that caffeine raises the heart rate, and possibly may also be linked to a rise in blood pressure, but it is not clear
exactly if it is the caffeine alone or other chemicals that cause the heart attack risk percentages.
The Elderly and Metabolism
Those who are frail and elderly have a decreased ability to function in their daily activities. The fact that they are elderly and frail may include the poor appetite, low food intake, involuntary weight loss and the resultant sarcopenia (gradual loss of muscle mass and strength) that occurs during the aging process. Studies have shown that even though healthy elderly individuals had rates of whole-body protein flux, synthesis, and metabolism that were not different from younger study subjects their contribution of muscle protein to whole-body protein breakdown was lower. That precipitated the hypothesis that frailty had an effect on the process of healthy aging. A study of the connection between frailty and protein consumption would be helpful in recommending protein daily intake for those who are elderly and frail.
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Other studies such as the one done at Harvard University, the University of Costa Rica and the University of Toronto have all concluded that
there are two different types of individuals when it comes to processing caffeine. There are those individuals who have livers which process
caffeine at a rapid rate and those individuals who process caffeine at a slower rate.
The variant gene is called CYP1A2.
According to one study the risk to the group who metabolizes caffeine slowly is greater for younger individuals who drink 4 cups or more of
coffee a day. One study also showed that individuals who were "couch potatoes" and those with other risk factors for heart disease were also at
greater risk of having a heart attack after drinking caffeine-containing beverages.
It also seems that according to the Costa Rica study, those who drink only one cup of coffee (light drinkers) increase their risk more than
those who are coffee junkies. Also, if an individual already has 3 or more heart disease risk factors they more than double their risk of having
a heart attack.
The studies strongly suggest that impaired caffeine metabolism does indeed play a role in the risk of heart attack.
Individuals who already have several risk factors for having a heart attack or those who live a sedentary lifestyle and drink coffee should be
encouraged to do all they can to decrease their risk for heart attack by taking control over those risk factors that they can make changes with
such as whether or not they drink coffee, increasing their activity level and taking medication if they have high blood
pressure.
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